Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema)

---

 Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic skin condition that causes inflammation, itching, and dryness. The most common symptoms include red, irritated patches of skin, intense itching (especially at night), and rough, scaly, or thickened areas. In some cases, the skin may ooze, crust, or develop small bumps that can become infected if scratched. Eczema often appears on the hands, face, elbows, knees, or behind the ears. 

Common triggers include environmental factors such as pollen, pet dander, dust mites, mold, or changes in temperature and humidity. Irritants like soaps, detergents, fragrances, and wool clothing can also worsen the condition. In children, certain foods such as dairy, eggs, or nuts can sometimes trigger flares, though food allergies are not the cause of eczema itself. Identifying and avoiding personal triggers is an important step in managing the condition. 

1. Daily moisturizing is essential to repair the skin barrier and reduce dryness. 
2. Topical corticosteroids or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory creams may be prescribed to reduce redness and itching during flare-ups. 
3. In more severe cases, doctors may recommend phototherapy (light treatment), oral medications that calm the immune system
4. Newer biologic therapies that target specific pathways in the skin’s inflammatory response. 
5. Antihistamines may also be used to help relieve itching and improve sleep. 

 Is eczema contagious? – No, eczema is not contagious and cannot spread from person to person.

Will my child outgrow eczema? – Many children see improvement as they get older, but some continue to have symptoms into adulthood.

Can stress cause eczema? – Stress does not cause eczema but can trigger or worsen flare-ups.

Is there a cure? – There is currently no cure for eczema, but with proper treatment and trigger avoidance, most people can manage their symptoms effectively.